1 – THE LIVING WORLD
: ADAPTATIONS AND CLASSIFICATION
Q.
1. Find my match :
Ans.
(1) Lotus - Adapted to live in water.
(2)
Aloe - Adapted to live in desert
(3)
Cuscuta - Haustorial roots for absorption of food attract insects.
(4)
Venus flytrap - flower and leaves
Q.
2. Who is lying?
(1)
Cockroach - I have five legs.
Ans.
Cockroach is lying. Cockroach has six legs.
(2)
Hen - My toes are webbed.
Ans.
Hen is lying. Its toes are not webbed.
(3)
Cactus - My fleshy, green part is a leaf.
Ans.
Cactus is lying. Its fleshy and green part is a stem.
Q.
3. Read the paragraph and answer the following questions :
I
am a penguin. I live in polar region covered by snow. My abdomen is white. My skin
is thick with a layer of fat underneath. My body is spindle shaped. My wings
are small. My toes are webbed. We live in flocks.
(1)
Why is my skin white and thick and why is there a thick layer of underneath?
Ans.
Penguin lives in extremely cold Polar regions. The region is always covered over
with ice. It has thick skin with a thick layer of fat underneath because it
does not allow the body heat to escape out. Due to white colour it can mix with
the surrounding and cannot he easily located. This way it seeks protection
against predators.
(2)
Why do we live in flocks sticking close to each other?
Ans.
By staying in a flock one is protected against the attack from predator It becomes
easier for parental care. Also by sticking to each other the body heat is not
lost to the surroundings.
(3)
Which geographical region do I inhabit? Why?
Ans.
Penguin stays in Polar region especially in the Antarctic region. There is
abundant food available for the penguins and thus they are seen here.
(4)
Which adaptations should you have to enable you to live permanently in the
polar region? Why?
Ans.
In order to permanently inhabit in the polar region, the body should be adapted
to cold temperatures. There should be thick layer of fat and thick skin to
protect the body. The ability to regulate body temperature should be extremely
good for the survival.
Q. 4. Answer the following:
(1)
Why is the camel called the 'Ship of the desert?
Ans.
(1) The skin of a camel is thick. (2) The legs are long with cushioned soles.
(3) There is a fold of skin for protection of nostrils. (4) The eyelashes are
long and thick and thus they protect the eyes. (5) Fat is stored in its hump.
due to which it can survive for a long time without water. (6) Due to all of
such adaptations, camel becomes most suitable to walk in the desert. Thus it is
used as a means of transport and it is called ‘ship of the dessert’.
(2)
How can the plants like cactus and Acacia live in deserts with scarce water?
Ans.
(1) Cactus and Acacia are plants that grow in deserts. They show adaptations to
survive in the scarcity of water. (2) Cactus does not have leaves. Leaves are
modified into thorns. Therefore water is not lost by evaporation through
leaves. (8) The stem takes up the function of photosynthesis and hence turns
fleshy and green. (4) There is thick layer of waxy substance on the stems. (5)
Roots of these plants penetrate deep down into the soil in search of water. (6)
All such adaptations help the cactus and acacia to survive in deserts with
scarce water.
(3)
What is the inter-relationship between adaptations of organisms and the
surroundings?
Ans.
(1) Adaptations are the changes that take place in the structure and function
the body. (2) These modifications in various organs and life processes help the
organism live, feed, reproduce and create new generation (3) They also help in
the protection of organisms against the predators. (4) Depending upon the
habitat and its geographi conditions the organisms acquire corresponding
adaptations.
(4) How are organisms classified?
Ans.
(1) Animals and plants are classified according to their characteristics. (2
this the detailed study of these organisms is done. (3) Based on basic
similarities differences the organisms are classified into groups and
subgroups. (4) A hierarchy is fo depending upon these features. (5) In this way
the organisms are placed in suitable gr and classification is achieved.
Q.
5. Read each of the following statements. Write a paragraph about adaptation
with reference to each statement :
(1)
There is extreme heat in deserts.
Ans.
The living organisms residing in extreme heat of deserts show appropriate
adaptations in their structure of body and their life processes. Camel shows
many adaptations like modified legs, eyes, nose and the hump on the back. Rats,
snakes, spiders and lizards escape the heat of the sun by remaining inside deep
burrows during day time. Plants like different species of Cacti have specially
modified body structure with which they survive in the extreme heat too.
(2)
Grasslands are lush green.
Ans.
The water availability is ample in grasslands. Therefore, there is plenty of
grass and shrubs. The fibrous roots of grasses hold the soil particles and
prevent soil erosion. In equatorial regions there is lush green growth due to
sunlight and abundance of water. Due to plant cover on all the sides grasslands
look lush green.
(3) Insects are found
in large numbers.
Ans.
Insects adapt to any kind of habitat. Some insects can fly. They have
adaptation like light bodies, two pairs of wings which help them in flying.
Some insects are also aquatic some stay near water bodies. Some are in deserts
too. Many have ability to camouflage wit environment and thus they escape the
attention of predators. They can reproduce in larg numbers. Due to all such
adaptations insects are found in large numbers.
(4) We hide.
Ans.
Some of those hide are weak organisms. In order to seek protection from enemies
they hide in their habitats. The colouration of their body mixes with the
surroundings and thus enemies do not see these hiding creatures. Some of them
hide also for catching pre Chameleon, garden lizard can change colour rapidly
and become unnoticeable. This helps them to catch their prey easily.
(5) We have long
ears.
Ans.
Long ears are seen in herbivores. They have to be alert from the attack of
predator carnivore. They can move their ears to locate the approaching prey. In
case of such danger, they run away in a herd. Having long ears is an adaptation
to escape from enemies.
