4 –
Disaster Management
Q 1 What are the emergency
contact numbers of the following?
1)
Police
control room 100
2)
Fire
brigade 101
3)
Ambulance 102
4)
National
level single emergency number for disaster relief 108/112
Q 2 Write the cause of the following:
1)
Floods:
Ans.
When there is excessive rains in the same place in a short span of time, then a
river may overflow its banks. In cities, water drainage system falls short. The
gutters or drainage lines are choked. This results in overflow of water on the
roads and surrounding areas. It may also enter the houses. Floods are caused in
this way.
2)
Forest fires
Ans.
The carelessness of someone can initiate the fire in the forest. If there is
excessive heat and the branches rub against
each other causing friction then naturally it can lead to forest fires
too. If there is dry foliage in the
forest and the winds are blowing at a speed, the forest fires spread very
rapidly.
3)
Landslides /Building collapse:
Ans.
The vibrations in the earth's crust result in an earthquake. These vibrations
can cause collapse of building. If inferior material is used in the construction,
then too there is a
chance of Collapse of building. Due to excessive rains or cloudbursting
landslides can take place
4) Storms:
Ans.
The formation of high and low pressure belts in the atmosphere results is
changes in the weather. These pressure belts cause strong wind resulting in
storms.
5) Earthquakes:
Ans.
In the interior of earth, there is tremendous amount of enery. This energy
results in seismic waves It cause movements of the earth’s surface in the form
of tremors. shaking and cracking. The vibrations caused due to all these
movements results in an earthquake.
Q 3. What first aid will you provide
in the following situations?
1) Dog
bite
Ans.
The wound caused by the double should be washed with soap and clean, germ free
water. It should be rinsed with solution
of potassium permanganate. The
wound should be covered with a dry cloth and victim should be taken to doctor
for dressing of the wound. Injection of anti-rabies should be given to the
victim.
(2)
Scratches / Bleeding
Ans.
The very first thing to be done in case of bleeding is to stop it. Make the person
sit
or lie down comfortably. The bleeding part
should be cleaned with germfree water and
it
should be kept above the level of the heart. Apply antiseptic cream to the wound. If the
wound is deep rush to the doctor to stitch it and get proper medical care.
3)Burns
/ Scalds:
Ans.
First of all, the extent and severity of burning should be seen. If there is a
minor burn, immerse the burnt part in cold water. Give cold water to the
victim. Clean the wound with germ free water and antiseptic solution. Oily
ointments should not be applied. If there are serious burns, give emotional
support to the victim and seek medical treatment immediately
(4)
Snake bite
Ans.
Wash the wound well with water and tie a tight tourniquet i.e. a cloth strip
near the wound in such a way that the venom of bite should not reach the vital
organs. Voctim should be given emotional support and taken to the doctor as
early possible for the anti- venom injection
(5)
Sunstroke:
Ans.
Take the patient in a shade or in any cool place wipe the body with cold water. Keep the wet cloth on the neck and head.
Plenty of water or sherbet should be given to avoid dehydration. If a person
feels like vomiting he/she should be made to lie down on his/her abdomen with
the head turned to one side.
Q 4 Answer the following questions:
(1)
What is meant by disasters?
Ans. A
sudden event causing large scale damage to life, property and social aspect our
nation or society is called a disaster
(2)
What are the types of disasters?
Ans Disasters
are of two kinds, viz natural disasters and man-made disasters
(3) What
is meant by disaster management?
Ans. Taking
proper steps to prevent disasters, and making plans to face the likely disasters
and developing the capacity of the tackling such situations is called disaster
management.
(4) Which
are the main components of disaster management?
Ans.
Planning and executing these plans in case of disasters are the main components
of disaster management.
Q 5 Find out about the work of a
Sarpa-mitra'.
Ans. Sarpa-mitra
are volunteers who help to save the snakes. If people come across any snake in
their vicinity. they usually kill it even before they come to know about its
toxicity. Sarpa-mirta go to such places, capture the snakes, rescue, relocate
and release them back into their natural habitats. Sarpa-mitra create awareness
about the snakes, try to remove the myths associated with snakes and explain the
importance of snakes. During she festivals of Nagpanchami if the snakes are
seen to be abused, they rescue these snakes too and educate the snake-charmers.
Q 5 Suggest remedial measure for
dealing with natural or man-made disasters.
Disasters
Fire
Remedial measure
Care should be taken so that fire will not break out. In jungle
area, never leave a burning matchstick. If there is a fire brigade immediately.
It is dangerous to manage the situation of fire by ourselves. We need to take
proper help of fire brigade. However Initially fire extinguishers can be used
to put out the fire.
Collapse of building
Fire brigade should be called. Immediate efforts are to be
done to save people trapped under the debris without hurting them further First
aid is to be given to the injured people. Seriously injured people should be
taken to hospitals.
Road accident
The accident victim should be immediately taken to hospital
or dispensary. Inform police. Instead of crowding at the accident site one
should immediately try to help the victim
Flood
Before the flood water rises the dangerous levels. stranded
people and animals should be safely removed from there. One should carefully
listen to the news and forecasts of Meteorological Department and act
accordingly. Help others to rescue people stranded in the low-lying areas.
War
Wars usually take place at borders. But their effects are on
the entire nation. During such emergency times we should not spread rumours and
also we should not believe in rumours. Follow the orders of police force and
other agencies that are helping us for safety. Religious discords should not be
entertained.
Bomb explosion
In the last two decades, the threat of bomb explosion is
increasing due to terrorist activities. Therefore, we should be always alert
should not touch any unattended article seen in public places. If any suspicious activity is seen in our area,
we should immediately inform the police and ATS (Anti-terrorist Squad). In case
of calamity of bomb explosion, we should help the injured people.
Earthquake
We can understand the intensity of earthquake due to
instrument of seismograph. Due to advances in scientific studies, the warnings
about the earthquakes are given in advance. We have to be ready for such
disaster before, so that damage to life and property can be reduced.
Deluge
The Meteorological Department gives warnings about the
deluge that is likely to occur in the near future. We should be away from river
banks and low-lying areas in such cases. People residing in such areas should
be shifted before the calamity strikes. In the camps for affected people there
is provision of food-packets, water and medicines. They can be safe there.
Storm
Advance warnings about storms are also given to the people
before this calamity strikes. Large trees are uprooted in such cases, therefore
care should be taken not to take shelter under such trees. Electric supply can
also be disrupted, hence we should think of alternative arrangement. One should
remain in safe places. The waves of tsunami can cause great damage especially
to the coastal regions and on the islands. Therefore, avoid such areas and one
should go to a safe place.
Tsunami
The waves of tsunami can cause great damage especially to
the coastal regions and on the islands. Therefore, avoid such areas and one
should go to a safer place.
Drought
During drought, the food and water are scarce. Therefore,
these basic necessities are provided from other areas. The drought prone people
and cattle are brought to the camps and are taken care of. Survival of cattle
is also the most important task that has to be done by people.
Landslide
Landslide may be caused due to excessive rains or
cloudburst. In such situations, stay away from the regions which may have
threat of landslides.
